Why the embryo is a human being an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

Why the embryo is a human being Introduction The embryo is the beginning of the life of a human being. It results from the fusion of a male and a female gamete known as sperm and ova respectively at the time of fertilization until about 8 weeks after fertilization where it becomes a foetus. At this point, the embryo has undergone various stages of development. The issues of abortion and embryo research which result in the death of embryos have created much debate regarding whether the embryo is a human being or not. Arguments concerning biological development and the time when ensoulment occurs have been put forward to explain the status of the human being. Need essay sample on "Why the embryo is a human being" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This explanation is dependent on the time at which life begins which varies for most pro-choice groups and medical practitioners and pro-lifers. This is due to various definitions of the beginning of human life such as at the time when the fetus is viable or at birth. For pro-life groups life begins at conception and this too is the start of pregnancy. Due to their different definitions the morality and ethics surrounding abortion and embryo research have found different explanations. Arguing that the embryo is not a person, indicates that there is specific time when the embryo becomes a human being. The embryo does not have the ability to act; neither does it look like a full grown person. This however cannot be used to defend the argument that it is not a human being. This would mean then, that a grain of corn by looking different from the full grown corn stalk ceases to be corn. The grain of corn therefore has the potency to mature into a stalk of corn. This is the concept of potency which enables the explanation of developmental changes in the embryo. These changes result in different appearances but the subject (the embryo) remains the same individual (0Rourke, 2005) Boethius defines a person as having characteristics of individuality and rationality. St. Thomas Aquinas went further to elaborate this definition by commenting that individuality stems from the fact that a person has some degree of separateness from another. Rationality according to Thomas Aquinas indicates control over ones actions and the ability to have initiative and act rather than being acted upon (0Rourke, 2005). The term person here is used to refer to human beings, creatures who are made up of matter and form (body and soul). John Locke on the other hand defines a person slightly differently. His definition forms the basis of most present day philosophers. This definition has elements of Aquinass definition. Locke did not deny the presence of substance rather; he put emphasis on the activities of a person. In Lockes definition, a person thinks, can identify pleasure, pain, happiness, misery and is capable of feeling them. A person also has concern for himself to the degree permitted by consciousness (0Rourke, 2005). According to Lockes definition it is therefore possible to be a human being and not be a person. This is especially so with a focus on the aspect of consciousness. Consequently, infants, fetuses, people in comatose states are human beings but non-persons (ORourke, 2005). Embryos would therefore seem to fall into this category of human non-persons. They are non-persons because at the time of their existence they have no consciousness and are not capable of pain, pleasure, happiness and misery. This definition of person seems to create a gap with the one of potency. However it seems that the theory of potency is more fundamental since the agreement is that the attributes of personhood are developed over time. This therefore means that a bridge can be created between the two definitions. The person who did not have consciousness may develop consciousness meaning that not having the ability to carry out activities of a person does not translate to an entire absence of personhood. Further, the adult human being progressed from once being a fetus, then an infant, a child and finally, an adult. With this progression, development of consciousness occurred with time. The development of the human embryo begins with a radical change of simple human being parts to form a new individual. These simple parts are the sperm and ova. For a human being to exist there has to be a specific number of chromosomes. This is true for all living organisms and the number of chromosomes varies with the species. When the number varies significantly, the organism is unable to survive, human beings included. For those human beings who have a varying number of chromosomes, the number does not vary much, for instance in individuals with Downs or Turners syndrome where the chromosomes are increased and decreased by one respectively. The germ cells, sperms and oocytes cannot be considered human beings, they only have 23 chromosomes. It is necessary for them to have half the number of chromosomes required for existence of a normal human being as this facilitates the fertilization process which results in an embryo, a human being with 46 chromosomes. Sperms and oocytes therefore have human life and are the result of a process of gametogenesis (maturation of germ cells), while the embryo results from fertilization (ORahilly and Muller, 1994). The sperms and oocytes possess human life by virtue of the fact that they are a part of a human being and are not wholly living humans. This is similar to the way the liver or the lung and kidneys are parts of humans and therefore have human life. A sperm and an oocyte can only have the ability to produce sperm and oocyte enzymes and protein respectively, unlike a human being that can produce a myriad of proteins and enzymes. Further, neither sperm nor oocyte itself can produce a human (Irving, 1999). This therefore makes the term fertilized egg a misnomer. Often the term oocyte and egg have been used interchangeably. To describe the product of fertilization as a fertilized egg is wrong simply because the egg/oocyte has 23 chromosomes and following fertilization it is a new entity with 46 chromosomes, hence the term fertilized egg becomes incorrect since a human being is already in place with a whole new set of chromosomes different fro those in the oocyte. Following the process of fertilization, the embryo that results is able to direct its own growth and development. The embryo has the characteristic of individuality common to all human beings as it is separate from its mother. It is also genetically unique and different from its mother though there may be similarities. The genetic difference and/ or uniqueness lies not in the number of chromosomes but in the content carried in these chromosomes. The uniqueness arises from the combination of chromosomes from different individuals (the mother and father). Following fertilization, the embryo differentiates not into another organism rather, its complexity and consciousness continues to increase. The embryo divides and becomes bigger and it goes through various stages named differently by scientists. These are a morula (at 4 days, a blastocyst during the 5th -7th day, a two layer (bilaminar embryo in the second week and a tri-laminar embryo in the third week (Moore and Persaud, 1998). A human embryo is therefore not a potential human being rather it is a human being with the potential to develop and grow into a person with consciousness and the ability to perform different activities. As per Boethius and Aquinass definition of person it already has individuality though it may lack rationality due to the fact that it is totally dependent on its mother and it has not developed the structures necessary for initiating action by itself. The theory of potency however comes into play here because the characteristic of rationality can be developed and is actually developed with time. More fundamentally to the definition of a human being, the embryo has substance and form evident from the fact that it can be detected by various techniques of visualizing in the mothers womb such ultrasound scan.. Inability to perform certain activities does not make the embryo any less human than a human being in a comatose state or one with certain physical disabilities like paraplegia. The tendency to call an embryo and/or fetus, it also perpetuates the idea that the embryo being neither boy nor girl is not a human being. This is however untrue since the product of fertilization can be either of the two. It is actually one of the two (boy or girl) depending on whether it was fertilized by an XX sperm or XY sperm. The difference is that the external genitalia and even internal organs that would make the difference obvious have not yet developed during the 8 week period. The idea that an embryo is neither male nor female is therefore a mistaken one. Adding a gender to the embryo adds more to the evidence of individuality and therefore to the evidence of being a human being. Attribution of rationality is often used as a means to describe the embryo as not being a human being. Rationality is physiologically supported by the brain. Development of the brain is a process that continues after birth, way into young adulthood. Irvin points out that apart from the brain, other physical features continue to develop after birth, these include the teeth and the breasts. The weight of the brain continues to increase up to 3 fold in the period between birth and the childs sixteenth birthday with the process of development being complete at around 25 years (Irvin, 1999). To therefore claim that the inability to be rational causes the embryo to cease being a person is to say that many young people have not yet become persons. Brain birth is explained to be a gradual process through which the human being acquires the functions of the neural system that can provide support for thinking and feeling. The concept of brain birth was put forward to run parallel to brain death where there is loss of function of the brain. Brain birth however does not adequately explain the bridge from incapacity to capacity for consciousness (Irvin, 1999). The neural system that is supposedly developing during the process of brain birth is not a brain and thus the claim that a human person starts at brain birth is invalid. To ascribe to this theory would mean that the brain birth and brain death have an almost equal level of symmetry and that one is more or less the opposite of the other which is untrue. An embryo is thus a human being with all the rights that human beings have. Definitions of human being and person have been applied to many issues concerning the embryo from abortion, item cell research, abortifacients, cloning, human embryo, and research and chimera formation. In having all these discussions, it is necessary to isolate myth and especially scientific myth from objective scientific facts. Many philosophical ideas have been used to explain human being and human person. All these ideas have an effect on public policies and individual choices, making it necessary for philosophy and science to bridge the gulf that is created by illegitimate impositions of one fields idea on another. This will lead to incorporation of sound ideas and accurate science in policy making and decision making. Works Cited D. Gareth Jones, Brain birth and personal identity, Journal of Medical Ethics 15:4, 1989, p. 178. Keith L. Moore and T.V.N. Persaud, The Developing Human, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1998 ORourke, Kevin, The Embryo as Person, International Congress on Bioethics, University of Santo Thomas, Manila, The Philippines, Ronan O'Rahilly and Fabiola Mller, 1994, Human Embryology & Teratology New York: Wiley-Liss,

The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Research Paper Example

The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Research Paper Example The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Paper The Outsider (Of Mice and Men) Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men George, especially foreshadows future problems between Lennie and Curleys wife because Lennie got into trouble in Weed from trying to touch a lady wearing a red dress. As the story progresses, we learn more about Curleys wife. We learn that her husband does not trust her with the other ranch workers, being isolated from the community in the ranch and because of that, must feel really despondent and alone. Curleys wife is given a reputation of creating trouble between the different characters in the novel. Most of the men in the ranch rarely sees females, only recognizing females who go to town to a whore-house. This then reveals the stereotypical view on women as that of a whore. Curleys wife states I never get to talk to anyone. I get awful lonely. This shows that being the only female leaves her with the lack of companionship especially when she is being disliked by other characters in the novel and not being truly loved by her husband. There is no mutual trust between Curley and his wife, as we see that he starts a fight when he thinks that there was something going on between his wife and Slim. We also learn the prejudice side of her when she goes to Crooks door on the Saturday night where everyone goes to town. From this we see the bitterness and seclusion in her. She knows that Curley has gone out to town, and this is when we get to see the reality of her life on the ranch. She enters Crooks room with the excuse of looking for Curley to talk to him, Lennie and Candy. When Crooks suggests that she go(es) along to your (her) own house and that they didnt want no trouble, she tries to convince them to talk to her and expresses her loneliness. Well, I aint giving you no trouble. Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? Think I like to stick in that house alla time? This then draws the readers sympathy towards her as we realize how forlorn she is, even being ostracized by Crooks, a Negro. However, the sympathy we have for her soon becomes washed away when she reveals the cruel side of her, intimidating people with her status. When Crooks told her to leave the room for the 2nd time, she gets angry and shows the contemptuousness she feels for Crooks, Lennie, and Candy, referring them as a nigger an a dum-dum and a lousy ol sheep. The situation worsens when she also threatens and reminds Crooks of his status as a Negro, removing Crooks pride and dignity, when he dares to demand her to leave his room. Listen, Nigger, You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? This then causes the reader to recognize both the lonesome and malevolent side of her. She also mocks and puts people down when it comes to the dreams of other people. I seen too many of you guys. Dreams are a major reoccurring theme in the novel Of Mice and Men. When Lennie tells Curleys wife of his and Georges dream, she mocks them saying its Baloney. However, we then find out that she has a dream of her own, revealing the ambitious side of her. She indulges in a different fantasy, far less likely of fulfillment. As many young women do, she aspires to stardom in films. She claims to have met an actor when she was 15, and was being told that she was a natural in acting, but her mother forbade her to pursue her dream. This is shown when she says Well, a show come through, an I met one of the actors. He says I could go with that show. But my ol lady wouldn let me. She says because I was ony fifteen. But the guy says I coulda. If Id went, I wouldnt be livin like this, you bet. From this it shows how unsatisfied she is with her mothers decision and how she really wished she had been able to pursue her dream. She thinks her talent is merely waiting for an opportunity and that her mother has stolen the letter which represents her chance for fame. Steinbeck describes precisely the small grand gesture with which she demonstrates to Lennie her supposed talent. This shows how nai ve she is to believe that her mother has stolen her contract, which was obviously never written. When she received no letter from the actor, she married Curley. However, she has always wanted to make some accomplishments and loved attention. Throughout the novel she constantly wanders around the ranch, creating trouble. When she was killed by Lennie, her dreams ended. Lennie, Candy and Curleys wife were not capable of having their dreams come true but stayed hopeful. From the many incidents that the characters in the novel encounter, it is shown how big dreams often cause tragedies and are sometimes unrealistic. In the novel as a whole, she is represented as the marginalized and disempowered part of society. She uses her status and power to intimidate people in the ranch. Overall, Curleys wife is presented as a flirtatious, lonely young woman who is very discontented with life. Readers who read the book would evoke sympathy for her because of her sad situation and cruel husband, but also dislike her because of her flirtatious and mean attitude. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section.

Thematic analysis social psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thematic analysis social psychology - Essay Example This analysis leads us to a conclusion that this can have quite long term impacts on ones personality and an individual would still find all those experiences alive within themselves. The impact of a parent’s separation has a great influence on what you become in later life. This study relates the suggested aftermaths of parents separation to the real life experiences as suggested by certain psychologists. The childhood experiences either good or bad have a major impact on a person as an individual. These factors can be labeled under attribution theory of social psychology and somehow deals with the cognitive aspect of it. The attribution aspect deals with the three main factors locus, stability and controllability and is closely associated with the personal feelings, experiences, expectations and how one controls the reason that results in the variation of behavior. Parents play a major role in a childs life, and the attachment a kid has to his parents plays a very constructive role in his development. (Bowlby 1951). Bowlby also supports the view the child undergoes separation anxiety due to the family issues he confronts. It is clearly noticed that a child has special bonding to his parents especially mother, and if the home environment stability goes off one is likely to have an impact on his personality. Kate DiCamillo had gone through such occurrence in her childhood as she states that her fathers departure had had a great impact on her persona. Her writings too were greatly affected by the childhood experiences she had endured. It is certain that the things in her life did not stay the same after her dad left. The purpose of this study is to find out how these childhood experiences affected Kate DiCamillo as a person and find how the non availability of both the parents can form what you are. In this study I am focusing on how the behavior she narrates compliments the theories described by the psychologists and how her ideas get

The style of clothing and hairstyles of the 1800 Essay

The style of clothing and hairstyles of the 1800 - Essay Example A large number of Americans imitated the clothing and hair styles from overseas, while underprivileged Americans utilized economical fabrics so as to afford clothing (Dror, 2004). Despite women having long hair, they were likely to wear it up. During this time, France was experiencing economic hardships. Napoleon proposed new culture and fashion style because he realized the probability of revenue in the textile industry. Members of the noble class were not permitted to wear the same clothes twice, thus were compelled to buy additional fabrics. Ladies dresses were characterized by high waists and full skirts. Additional fabrics were used for evening wear. White was the dominant color among the wealthy and style was inspired by Classical Grecian robes. Moreover, for females’ dresses, the waistline moved towards the bustline. Dresses were created using thin fabric, typically, muslin, and skirts were not full. Necklines were square and low, and sleeves were capped and tight (Dror, 2004). Females frequently put on pelisses during winter. The pelisse is a coat with a waist that matches the waistline of the dress. During the early part of this period, males wore derbies and top hats. Breeches were tightly fitted and longer, highlighting male’s calves. Later, males begun wearing trousers and pants were longer. Moreover, coats contained long tails at the back and were short in the front. Males put on double-breast coats with stiff and thick collars. Also, blouses were made of muslin or linen. Females in this period designed their hair in a Y or T shape. The back of the hair was put in a bun or braided and pinned, while the front was trimmed approximately chin size and frequently coiled into soft ringlets (Dror, 2004). Later, females’ hairstyles were ornate and extravagant, for example, Madonna, which contained a central part with numerous coils in layers on the crown and front of the head, and Apollo knot, which was made up of two outsized knots decorated

Design an interview schedule and evaluate it Essay

Design an interview schedule and evaluate it - Essay Example In fact, it may be seen that educational exchange programmes create maximum cultural interaction and exchange of views and ideas between different cultures. The city of Newcastle was selected in this project because the city is important in many respects. One, it is a prominent destination in the UK with regard to educational facilities and students, especially foreign students come to this place to pursue their education. The city also provides umpteen facilities and resources for students to exploit and further their educational aspirations. However, the city also has its fair share of problems. Cases of harassment based on colour, religion and ethnicity have recently been recorded from the city and people are apprehensive about local groups that are notorious for harassing foreign students. However, in spite of such irritants, the city administration has done a fair job of providing many facilities for education seekers who come to this place in search of a professional degree and qualifications. The interview will be designed to elicit the answer to the question ‘whats it like being an overseas student in Newcastle?’ The interview will try to encourage respondents to answer what their experiences are as a student at Newcastle. The interview will try to analyse the background of the students and also the common problems that they face as a student in this place. The country has witnessed a tremendous amount of progress in the area of educational reform over the last fifty years: the educational achievement gap between those of different races is narrowing and more and more students are finding the resources necessary to pursue higher education. However, it still has not solved one of the most persistent and pervasive inequities in the educational system: poorer communities suffer from substandard instruction and a lack

Portrayal Of Drugs In Television And Movies

Portrayal Of Drugs In Television And Movies Television seems to glorify drinking alcohol and the use of nicotine whether actors are bellying up to Joes Emerald City Bar in Greys Anatomy or swigging a martini at MacLarens on How I Met Your Mother, (McKean, 2006) television seems to say drinking alcohol is sexy, popular and okay. Alcohol gets free exposure on prime-time television. In shows such as CBS Two and a Half Men, Foxs Happy Hour and ABCs Brothers and Sisters, cocktails and cigarettes have replaced the usual cup of coffee after work. These shows portray negative messages that drinking after work or at social gatherings is socially accepted. Reality shows such as Intervention and Celebrity Rehab depict the full range of alcohol and illicit drug use with real life footage of heroin, crack cocaine, meth and other addictions. These shows illustrate the physical and mental destruction of what can happen to a person when they use drugs. Shows such as Intervention and Celebrity Rehab show the downfall and the reality of drug use. While other shows seem to venerate the use of alcohol with humor and sex, these shows depict how strong addiction can be and how families are affected by drug use. Shows such as these send a strong message to viewers about the realities of drug use and the reality of treatment. There is no pretty picture painted about an easy recovery neither does it glamorize a cool picture of heroin, meth, crack, inhalants and alcohol. The reality is clear, it sends the message dont do drugs because this is what will happen to you, your family and your life. A positive aspect of the prime time television and alcohol use is that when an underage person is depicted as using alcohol they portray the consequences and turn into a positive learning experience. The negative aspect of alcohol and drug use in television is that it sends a negative message to teenagers, its says its cool to drink and smoke. According to Kids Health.com kids and teens ages eight to eighteen spend nearly four hours a day watching television ( The Nemours Foundation, 2010). This is about three times the time amount they spend listening to the radio. Children are greatly influenced by what they watch and many of them idolize stars from these shows and want the mimic what they watch, especially if the use of alcohol, nicotine and illicit drugs are glamorized. These shows depict unsafe behavior and often there are no consideration about the consequence of on the use of alcohol, smoking and use of drugs. Alcohol and nicotine seem to be a favorite among prime time shows; illicit drug use is mostly portrayed in movies. Illicit drugs use and alcohol are hyped up in movies more so than in prime time, but some movies also send a message how drugs can lead to destruction and the struggle to overcome addiction. In 1995, The Basketball Diaries staring Leonard DiCaprio portrayed the true story of Jim Carroll a teenagers struggle with heroin addiction whose only desires are the game of basketball and heroin. In The Basketball Diaries Jims the only escape from a best friend that is dying and a coach who is a child predator is heroin. In a downward spiral Jims addiction for heroin leads him into the streets where he steals, robs and prostitutes himself. It is only through a friend and his relentless pursuit of his desire for Jim to be clean that he overcomes his addiction and fulfills his dreams. The message in The Basketball Diaries relays how drug addiction can destroy your dreams lead you int o a path of crime and self destruction. The message in this movie was a detail of how a lifestyle can easily be misled through the use of drugs and the struggle a person will have to take to overcome that addiction. This move portrayed a very effective message; drugs can destroy all your dreams, lead you into a life where basically you would sell your soul to get your next hit. It also showed the struggles to overcome addiction and how positive your life can become once you decide to make positive choices in your life. As much as alcohol and drug use may be glorified in prime time television, there are also antidrug advertisements that try to educate parents and children on peer pressure and the effects of drug use. In 1998 Congress created The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign in collaboration with Partnership for a Drug-Free America the goal of this campaign is preventing and reducing youth drug abuse across the nation. The main goal of this campaign is to create advertisements that deliver antidrug use and the dangers of that behavior to youths. According to The Partnership Attitude Tracking Study (PATS) 2009 there is a correlation between increased teen exposure to anti-drug messages on television and a decreased likelihood of trying drugs over the past ten years. Four out of ten teens agreed that anti-drug messages made them more aware of the risks of using drugs and less likely to try the drugs (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2010). In one of the many advertisement the campaign has pr oduce, The Human Puppet the advertisement depicts a girl is passed out on a chair with her friends gathered around her, they are painting her face and have strapped her arms with scarves and are moving her hands as she is a puppet. The girl is in an unconscious state and never reacts to what her friends are doing to her they make reference to the fact that she is passed out and thrashed and that she will have a major headache in the morning. Eventually they walk away from her, leaving her slumped in the chair (The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, 2009).This was an excellent advertisement, and depicted the reality of what can happen when you consume alcohol as a teenager and the embarrassing situations that you place yourself in. The advertisement also pointed out the reality of what your friends can and will do to you when you passed out from alcohol use. The one weakness that was noted in this advertisement was that some kids may think that it was more humorous than educati onal. There should have been more depiction of what can happen when a kid drinks too much alcohol such as loss of body function or alcohol related illnesses. Overall these campaigns have been shown to work The National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign began in July 1998 and its primary focus was on reducing marijuana use among adolescents. The data collected from the beginning of PATS in 1998 compared to the data collected in 2008 shows that the use of the media campaign has significantly increased the teen awareness and decreased the use of marijuana in teens (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2010). The policies that are in place to deal with the portrayal of drug addiction are planned through The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), the primary function of this office is to establish policies, priorities, and objectives for the Nations drug control program. The goals of the program are to reduce illicit drug use, manufacturing, and trafficking, drug-related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2010). The policies that have been established for drug addiction are the following that were obtained from the Criminal Justice Policy Foundation: Americans For Safe Access (ASA) an aggressive grassroots campaign working to push the Bush administration off its anti-medical marijuana crusade and allow states the right to choose and govern medical marijuana laws. Common Sense for Drug Policy (CSDP) a non-profit organization dedicated to expanding discussion on drug policy and raising questions about existing law and educating the public about alternatives to current policies. Criminal Justice Policy Foundation (CJPF) a non-profit foundation working on innovative solutions to problems facing the criminal justice system. Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) the nations leading organization working to end the war on drugs. Drug Reform Coordination Network (DRCNet) opposes the prison-building frenzy and supports rational policies consistent with the principles of peace, justice, freedom, compassion and truth. Human Rights and the Drug War a multi-media project that combines the stories and photos of Drug War POWs with facts and figures about the US Drug War, to confront the conscience of the American people and encourage individuals to take action for social justice. Institute for Policy Studies (IPS) a progressive think-tank with a project on U.S. drug policy and U.S. involvement in Colombia. Interfaith Drug Policy Initiative (IDPI) organizes people of faith to promote drug policy reform; i.e., moving from prohibition laws toward reasonable and compassionate drug regulation, education and treatment. Judges Against the Drug War provides an extensive online database of judicial opinions critical of the governments War on Drugs. The database represents judicial dissent against drug prohibition in state and federal jurisdictions from 1970 to the present date. Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP) current and former members of law enforcement who support drug regulation rather than prohibition. Marijuana Policy Project (MPP) works to minimize the harm associated with marijuana both the consumption of marijuana, and the laws that are intended to prohibit such use. Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) non-profit research and educational organization that assists scientific study of the risks and benefits of MDMA, psychedelic drugs and marijuana. National Drug Strategies Network (NDSN) coalition of organizations that offer information about drug control strategies. National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) a nonprofit public-interest advocacy group that represents the interests of the tens of millions of Americans who smoke marijuana responsibly. Parents Ending Prohibition Parents Ending Prohibition is a non-profit organization, designed to bring together parents and other concerned citizens to protect our children from the devastating harms created by our nations war on marijuana. Students for Sensible Drug Policy (SSDP) working to involve youth in the political process, and promoting an open, honest, and rational discussion of alternative solutions to our nations drug problems. Unitarian Universalists for Drug Policy Reform (UUDPR) a continental coalition of Unitarian Universalists leading the denominations efforts to develop and promote more just and compassionate drug policies (Criminal Justice Policy Foundation, 2010) In addition to these policies The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent United States government agency. The FCC was established by the Communications Act of 1934 and is charged with regulating interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable (The Federal Communications Commission, 2009). The division of the FCC that administers policies and license is the Media Bureau. This office controls what is viewed on television and although there are some limitations due to the First Amendment Act. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is another office that regulates how drugs are portrayed on television. The FDA monitors how pharmaceutical companies advertised their drugs on television. Pharmaceutical companies are allowed to claim the benefits of their product but they must also provide a website or referenced publications where consumers can find out more details regarding the products (Mosher Akins, 2007, p. 345). In 1994 T he Dietary Supplemental Health and Education Act was passed, this act established policies on the sale and advertisement of dietary aides on television. The influence that television has on our youth today is overwhelming and it is important that use of drugs, whether legal or illegal are monitored and regulated. The government as well as parents and guardians have a responsibility towards our future generation and it is important that we influence our children in the right direction.

Essay --

Title: character list Dr. Henry Jekyll- Is a well reputed and respected doctor. He is a wealthy man that was also born into a fortune. He had a good life growing up and is a kind man that has never done anything bad in his entire life until the creation of Hyde. He is well set and known in the community. Has a dark side that’s burning to be set free. As a result he creates a potion that separates one body into two people and personalities. Used to unleash his dark side which ultimately takes over in the end. He is friends with Lanyon a doctor, as well as Utterson a lawyer. Mr. Edward Hyde- Was not born, but created. Was the result of a potion Dr. Jekyll created that gives one’s self a second personality where the body strips away your civilized nature , brings you down to... (only first 800 chars shown) Analysis complete. Our feedback is listed below in printable form. Some of the items have been truncated or removed to provide better print compatibility. Title Checker Review Title Looks like we may have found a problem with your paper's title: †¢The first word of the title should be capitalized. †¢The last word of the title should be capitalized. Spelling Spelling Suggestions †¢Spelling: side thats [suggestions: that, that's, that s, tats, teats] Grammar Grammar Suggestions †¢Revise...: wealthy man that [suggestions: man who] †¢Revise...: kind man that [suggestions: man who] †¢Missing apostrophe: side thats [suggestions: that's] †¢Missing Article: loose all of Jekylls [suggestions: all of the Jekylls] †¢Missing apostrophe: that wouldnt [suggestions: wouldn't] †¢Did you mean...: that its the [suggestions: it's the] Word Choice Bad Phrase Score Bad Phrase Score*: 2.244 (lower is better) *based on the number and qualit... ...eater usage of vocabulary words. Although your vocabulary score is within the average range for most writers, boosting it above 60 will help your paper stand out. Consider using the Vocab Builder. Tips Whether you are writing for a school assignment or professionally, it is imperative that you have a vocabulary that will provide for clear communication of your ideas and thoughts. You need to know the type and level of your audience and adjust your vocabulary accordingly. It is worthwhile to constantly work at improving your knowledge of words. To help with this task, please consider using our Vocabulary Builder to improve your comprehension and usage of words. Grade Incompatible Paper Type The Auto-Grading feature is only compatible with certain types of submissions (e.g., Essays, Research Papers, etc.), yet the paper type listed for this submission is Other

Heritage Assessment Tool Essay

Today in society there are many diverse culture and ethnic backgrounds, each with their own habits, traditions, preferences, and of these includes health. Different needs of the whole person should be evaluated in detail. This paper will discuss results from three different cultures through the interviewing of them using the Heritage Assessment Tool. It will also review, compare, and address health traditions between the cultures as well as identify common health traditions based on cultural heritage. The purpose is to evaluate and discuss how families subscribe to these traditions/practices, address health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration according to the assessment. Why Heritage Assessment? One method for determining an individuals or groups needs is to use some type of tool in order to complete the assessment. Over 20 years ago an assessment tool was used in order to promote public health and awareness (â€Å"Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic,† n.d.). The name later became known as â€Å"Healthy People 2000 and 2010† and 2020 is soon to come (â€Å"Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic,† n.d.). The tool contains twenty-nine different and varying questions to obtain detail of birth, siblings, immigration, religion, school, ethnic activities/cuisine and other topics. The usefulness of applying a heritage assessment is because it enables the research to identify how â€Å"Different people have different beliefs regarding health, sickness, infection, virus, birth as well as death. All these different beliefs regarding health direct the various forms of culture. Therefore, the assessment of heritage is a significant step in order to build b etter understanding of cultural capability† (â€Å"Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic,† n.d. , p. 1). Health Maintenance, Health Protection, and Health Restoration Many traditional health beliefs and practices exist today among people who know and live by the traditions of their given ethno cultural heritage. Health, in this traditional context, has three dimensions each of which has three aspects, physical, mental, and spiritual (Giger, 1995). The three health traditions are maintaining, protecting, and restoring health, each with subcategories mentioned above as physical, mental, and spiritual. Those interviewed express a variety of each aspect. The interviews for this study were conducted to see if there is comparison of the differences in health maintenance, health protection, and health restoration among the cultures involved. The three cultures involved were American, Hispanic, and Native American (Navajo Tribe). Family Interviews In maintaining health the American view was to consume a variety of fruits, vegetables and grains were reported to be consumed. Although a variety and balanced nutrition was encourages it is all to be consumed in moderation. Birth control is permissible but immoral acts are only for those who are legal and lawfully married. Common to American western society is permissible to consume alcohol and other legal drugs, but religious preferences restrain those interviewed from any alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, or any beverage containing caffeine, and nothing that is harmful to the body. Entertainment was only to be sought if it was uplifting, wholesome and moral. Exercise is important and viewed as their body being sacred and should be maintained. Spiritual prayers were daily with individual and family to protect, maintain and restore health. A sacred oil is sometimes used in blessing those who are sick or afflicted. Fasting was observed monthly for either personal strength or for that of someone else who needs blessings pertaining to health be it mental, physical, or spiritual. Attending a temple where they participate in ordinances with specific clothing is observed in order to protect health as well, however details of this were not to be mentioned specifically. Only those worthy and have authority to bless and heal are able to do so to restore health. The Hispanic member of the interview expresses maintaining health as eating often with immediate family and frequently with close relatives. Main dishes  include rice, beans, enchiladas, tortillas and other recipes custom to their culture. They pray often to maintain spiritual health. Thin is a sign as a problem and they would rather be more obese then skinny. Objective data concludes both parents and children are all obese. They protect health by having God Fathers and Mothers who help to watch out and take care of their children. They are involved in the Catholic Church and state that they attend weekly as a family and participate in sacred ordinances that allow them to grow mentally, spiritually, and physically. Birth control is seen as unacceptable. Seeking medical attention first from health care is not their first option, they state they would rather seek help from parents, grandparents, or friends for remedies or treatments before seeking help from a medical professional. They were familiar with the term curandero which is a holistic healer, but they did not state having ever used such services for their family in particular. The Native American woman interviewed has a strong holistic approach when viewing medicine compared to Western civilization. Before seeking any medical attention she states she will first try teas, herbs and other supplements in soothing common ailments. She often bakes breads, brews teas and gives to others of her family recipes to promote their health. Family unity is viewed as the upmost importance. Contact is maintained with parents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins and friends. Though common for Navajo to view illness and sickness as curse or what is deserved, she reported this is more and better observed by her elders as well as speaking native language of Navajo. They do not attend any specific congregation of religion but view ancestors and current family and those they associate with now as their religion because they are those who they will be with after this life. There is a reported problem with alcohol abuse within the home and with other close family members. They view this as an individual’s own choice and decision to consume such beverages. Relationship with the children in a structured home is most valuable. Frequently they visit grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles on the reservation, at least a few times a month. There are those they recognize as healers and Elders who have a calling to be able to heal and teach, these individuals however do not participate in this as distance makes it difficult. Conclusion Cultures are unique for their habits, traditions, practices and beliefs. Health is a mainstream for all individuals, families and groups to ensure a progression and effective lifestyle is obtained. No matter how health is viewed or practiced it is entailed of a physical, mental, and spiritual makeup that requires attention. How that attention is given is decided by the culture and the people of that culture and should be viewed as an individual’s right to practice and perform as they choose. Living in a world with such diverse culture it is pleasing to see the different ways cultures and people address their health traditions and how they approach any need for adopting health traditions. References Giger, J.N. and Davidhizar, R.E. Transcultural Nursing Assessment and Intervention, 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1995. Heritage Assessment Tool | Researchomatic. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2015, from http://www.researchomatic.com/Heritage-Assessment-Tool-104596.html

Batman Hero Essays

Batman Hero Essays Batman Hero Essay Batman Hero Essay Archetypal Heroes Batman Bruce Wayne, also known as Batman The World’s Greatest Detective or The Dark Knight, is best described as an archetypal hero. Batman, the common favorite of comic book nerds, depicts many of the characteristics of an archetypal hero. Unusual circumstances of birth; sometimes in danger or born into royalty: Bruce Wayne was born to Thomas and Martha Wayne, Thomas being the owner and founder of Wayne Enterprises. Thus Bruce was born into a rather large sum of money. When Bruce was still a child his parents were both shot and killed in an alleyway right in front of him. Leaves family or land and lives with others: After his parent’s deaths, Bruce leaves Wayne Mansion to take up training from monks. Here he was trained by fifteen men in the arts of psychology, escapology, numerous martial arts, chemistry and strategy. An event, sometimes traumatic, leads to adventure or quest: Batman became who he is because one night a bat flew into his window and it frightened him, and by becoming what he fears he overcomes it and becomes stronger. As the Batman, he wanted the criminals of Gotham to feel that same fear and terror when they met him, making Batman a personification of fear. Thus the Batman was born! Hero has a special weapon only he can wield: Batman has numerous weapons to his disposal, such as the batarang, bat grapple, bat mobile, bat plane and whatever else he may need. As a man based purely on justice and protection of others, he refuses to use guns. However his most powerful weapons are his mind and body, both of which have been trained and crafted to a level that makes him almost supernatural. When the hero dies, he is rewarded spiritually: Though batman has died almost a dozen times, he has never been spiritually rewarded. He has also never been repented by his father. Though Alfred, his butler and guardian, has forgiven him for everything that has happened, and Bruce accepts him as the closest thing to a father since he raised him after his parent’s passing. The only things you could count as his rewards would be his multiple resurrections. The Hero must prove himself many times while on adventure: Being a seventy year old superhero (Batman first appeared in 1939 in the Detective Comics) he has proven himself numerous times over the years, defeating and riding Gotham of any low life enemy who opposes him.

Behind the Wheel Professor Ramos Blog

Behind the Wheel Spencer Bowling Photo by Scosche on Pexels.com          Eng 010 Learning to drive is one of the most important and fun things a teenager can learn to do. As a kid I was excited to go for a ride in the car so I could learn new things about driving and was fascinated to see all the stuff involved with operating a car. I remember all the kids my age asking their parents if they could practice driving a car. When I was about 15 I asked my parents if they could take me out to practice driving, I was surprised not only were my parents willing they were also eager to teach me how to drive. My Dad and I went up to Crafton Hills College, he took me to the top parking lot where no one was around and began showing me the different things I needed to know about safely driving, I’ll never forget my Dad had a new green GMC truck and I felt fortunate to begin driving on something new that had a ton of power. He began with the basics turning the truck on and checking the lights, he then told me to â€Å"go in reverse† and back out of one of the parking spaces we were in. From there he had me circle the lot and practice my turning. He would have me stop, turn on a blinker and try and park into one of the empty parking spaces. I struggled at first but after about five times of going up there I had gotten it down. About the fifth time up there he had me drive back home, I was nervous and kinda scared to be out on public streets for the first time, I remember him yelling at me to â€Å"Slow down, and stay in your lane!† He coached me through the rest of the way and we eventually arrived home safely. Next I started Driving School, it consisted of a small classroom with about 12 students. In class your given a small California Drive Guide and you go over things from how to stop on ice to how far back to stop from a railroad crossing. I eventually finished the course after a small test then you get your permit. After that I started my behind the wheel which its where you get to drive with an instructor. It was a Saturday morning at about 8:00 a.m. when my behind the wheel instructor showed up. He was an older man with short grey hair who drove an old black Oldsmobile, he picked me up and we were on our way. The instructor drove me through the city a couple of times then finally on the freeway. He pulled off to the side of the road then it was my turn to drive, he took me around the city, it was my first time getting use to stop lights. Then finally he led me to the freeway, I was very nervous but he told me â€Å"You are doing fine† and somehow my first time on the freeway s eemed kind of calm. He was a good teacher and I think because of him I was able to pass my driving test the first time. It seems like you really get used to driving after you’ve done it a few time by yourself.

Criticism on Management by Objective (MBO) Approach Essay

Criticism on Management by Objective (MBO) Approach - Essay Example One of the major flaws within the MBO technique is the failure to address motivational factors effectively. Although the MBO approach allows the managers and subordinates to align their short-term goals with organizational objective, individual motivational components are not adequately addressed. According to Levinson, the MBO technique fails to incorporate emotional components of motivation into the system hence creating more pressure in the employees (1). In particular, employees are not emotionally motivated in achieving the set goals and hence the development of the conflict between the managers and subordinates. MBO technique does not provide means of achieving the set objectives. Ideally, in the MBO technique, the managers and subordinates formulate timely and measurable objectives within the organization (University of San Francisco 4). However, in this technique, the required sets of behavior in order to achieve set objectives are not stipulate. This causes confusion and challenge to the employees, especially the one who is not accustomed to the organizational process. In conclusion, the MBO technique has been criticized because of several flaws within the system. It is clear from the above discussion that failure to provide behavioral means of achieving objectives and lack of emotional motivation form the basis of criticism for the technique. Therefore, the manager using this approach should try to incorporate the discussed aspects in order to get the good outcome.

Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report - Coursework Example Moreover, when accounts are manually maintained it is usually kept pending until the last minute and that too for the purpose of filing tax returns. Accounting is not used as a business tool to keep track of where the business is heading and results is loss of control during the financial period. Bookkeeping software is also a manual system but within the defined parameters it is possible to produce essential information. The first advantage of using software is that small business would tend to maintain regular accounts than those which do not use software for bookkeeping (Articlebase, 2011). The bookkeeping software has a set of disciplines due to which it is able to produce data and records that are essential to exercise control over the business. It also helps in preparing the financial statement at the end of the year including for filing of tax returns. Records are less likely to lost or misplaced when maintained through software. Moreover financial performance can be improved through better financial control. In effect, book keeping software automates the manual maintaining of accounting and financial records. Accounting software saves time as it eliminates manual account calculations and record-keeping (Highland, 2011). The software handles chores in minutes which would take up a good number of man hours and hence can save on fixed salaries.