General John Black Jack Pershing World War I

John J. Pershing (born September 13, 1860, in Laclede, MO)  steadily progressed up through the ranks of the military to become  the decorated leader of US forces in Europe during World War I. He was the first to rank as General of the Armies of United States. Pershing died at Walter Reed Army Hospital on July 15, 1948. Early Life John J. Pershing was the son of John F. and Ann E. Pershing. In 1865, John J. was enrolled in a local select school for intelligent youth and later continued on to secondary school. Upon graduation in 1878, Pershing began teaching at a school for African American youth in Prairie Mound. Between 1880-1882, he continued his education at the State Normal School during summers. Though only marginally interested in the military, in 1882, at the age of 21, he applied to West Point after hearing that it provided an elite college level education. Ranks Awards During Pershings long military career he steadily progressed up through the ranks. His dates of rank were: Second Lieutenant (8/1886), First Lieutenant (10/1895), Captain (6/1901), Brigadier General (9/1906), Major General (5/1916), General (10/1917), and General of the Armies (9/1919). From the US Army, Pershing received the Distinguished Service Cross and Distinguished Service Medal as well as campaign medals for World War I, Indian Wars, Spanish-American War, Cuban Occupation, Philippines Service, and Mexican Service. In addition, he received twenty-two awards and decorations from foreign nations. Early Military Career Graduating from West Point in 1886, Pershing was assigned to the 6th Cavalry at Fort Bayard, NM. During his time with the 6th Cavalry, he was cited for bravery and participated in several campaigns against the Apache and Sioux. In 1891, he was ordered to the University of Nebraska to serve as an instructor of military tactics. While at NU, he attended law school, graduating in 1893. After four years, he was promoted to first lieutenant and transferred to the 10th Cavalry. While with the 10th Cavalry, one of the first Buffalo Soldier regiments, Pershing became an advocate of African American troops. In 1897, Pershing returned to West Point to teach tactics. It was here that cadets, who were angered by his strict discipline, began calling him Nigger Jack in reference to his time with the 10th Cavalry. This was later relaxed to Black Jack, which became Pershings nickname. With the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Pershing was brevetted to major and returned to the 10th Cavalry as the regimental quartermaster. Arriving in Cuba, Pershing fought with distinction at Kettle and San Juan Hills and was cited for gallantry. The following March, Pershing was struck down with malaria and returned to the US. His time at home was brief as, after he recovered, he was dispatched to the Philippines to aid in putting down the Filipino insurrection. Arriving in August 1899, Pershing was assigned to the Department of Mindanao. Over the next three years, he was recognized as a brave combat leader and an able administrator. In 1901, his brevet commission was revoked and he returned to the rank of captain. While in the Philippines he served as the adjutant general of the department as well as with the 1st and 15th Cavalries. Personal Life After returning from the Philippines in 1903, Pershing met Helen Frances Warren, the daughter of powerful Wyoming Senator Francis Warren. The two were married on January 26, 1905, and had four children, three daughters and a son. In August 1915, while serving at Fort Bliss in Texas, Pershing was alerted to a fire at his familys home at the Presidio of San Francisco. In the blaze, his wife and three daughters died of smoke inhalation. The only one to escape the fire was his  six-year-old  son, Warren. Pershing never remarried. A Shocking Promotion a Chase in the Desert Returning home in 1903 as a 43-year old captain, Pershing was assigned to the Southwest Army Division. In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt mentioned Pershing during remarks to Congress about the armys promotion system. He argued that it should be possible to reward an able officers service through promotion. These remarks were ignored by the establishment, and Roosevelt, who could only nominate officers for general rank, was unable to promote Pershing. In the meantime, Pershing attended the Army War College and served as an observer during the Russo-Japanese War. In September 1906, Roosevelt shocked the army by promoting five junior officers, Pershing included, directly to brigadier general. Jumping over 800 senior officers, Pershing was accused of having his father-in-law pull political strings in his favor. Following his promotion, Pershing returned to the Philippines for two years before being assigned to Fort Bliss, TX. While commanding the 8th Brigade, Pershing was dispatched south to Mexico to deal with Mexican Revolutionary Pancho Villa. Operating in 1916 and 1917, the Punitive Expedition failed to catch Villa but did pioneer the use of trucks and aircraft. World War I With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, President Woodrow Wilson selected Pershing to lead the American Expeditionary Force to Europe. Promoted to general, Pershing arrived in England on June 7, 1917. Upon landing, Pershing immediately began advocating for the formation of a US Army in Europe, rather than allowing American troops to be dispersed under British and French command. As American forces began arriving in France, Pershing oversaw their training and integration into the Allied lines. US forces first saw heavy combat in the spring/summer of 1918, in response to the German Spring Offensives. Fighting valiantly at Chateau Thierry and Belleau Wood, US forces aided in stopping the German advance. By late summer, the US First Army was formed and successfully executed its first major operation, the reduction of the Saint-Mihiel salient, on September 12-19, 1918. With the activation of the US Second Army, Pershing turned over direct command of the First Army to Lt. Gen. Hunter Liggett. In late September, Pershing led the AEF during the final Meuse-Argonne Offensive which broke the German lines and led to the end of the war on November 11. By wars end, Pershings command had grown to 1.8 million men. The success of American troops during World War I was largely credited to Pershings leadership and he returned to the US as a hero. Late Career To honor Pershings achievements, Congress authorized the creation of the new rank of General of the Armies of United States and promoted him to it in 1919. The only living general to hold this rank, Pershing wore four gold stars as his insignia. In 1944, following the creation of the five-star rank of General of the Army, the War Department stated that Pershing was still to be considered the US Armys senior officer. In 1920, a movement emerged to nominate Pershing for President of the United States. Flattered, Pershing refused to campaign but stated that if nominated he would serve. A Republican, his campaign petered out as many in the party saw him as too closely identified with Wilsons Democratic policies. The next year, he became chief of staff of the US Army. Serving for three years, he designed a forerunner of the Interstate Highway System before retiring from active service in 1924. For the remainder of his life, Pershing was a private person. After completing his Pulitzer Prize-winning (1932) memoirs,  My Experiences in the World War, Pershing became a staunch supporter of aiding Britain during the early days of  World War II. General Pershing gives a speech in 1936. National Archives After seeing the Allies triumph over Germany a second time, Pershing died at Walter Reed Army Hospital on July 15, 1948. Selected Sources National Park Service: John J. PershingUS Army Center for Military History: John J. PershingArlington National Cemetery: John J. Pershing

The Worlds End is an Adventure Movie Everyone Should See...

A movie that everyone should see is The World’s End. The World’s End is a tale about 5 friends who as young adults tried a pub crawl called the Golden mile. Starting with the first post and ending with The World’s End but along the way they encountered some trouble and were not able to finish. 20 years later the â€Å"leader† of these boys (Gary King) now an adult with many issues dealing with his past wants to try it all again. He goes to visit all of his friends who are all established in their careers and have a life. Many are reluctant to join but he convinces them by saying that a certain friend who vowed never to do it again is going. While on their 2 try they realize the entire town was taken over by aliens and there seems to be no†¦show more content†¦She was with 2 robot twins, hence the name 2 headed dog and Gary saved her from them. By now they all need to escape but keep going to the bars to play it off like they don’t know what ’s going on. After the â€Å"The Two Headed Dog† comes â€Å"The Mermaid† where the gang meets â€Å"the marmalade sandwich† (2 blondes and a redhead) who act as â€Å"Sirens† Like from the Odyssey and try to trap the men there. But they fail miserably. Moving along we have the Beehive. This is where everything gets more serious and kind of deep. Little do they know one friend has already been replaced but at the Beehive when they find out a huge fight scene begins with the constant â€Å"spawning† of enemies giving it the name, â€Å"The Beehive†. After that they realize they must escape and can no longer go to bars, except for Gary King because he wants to finish The Golden Mile even if it kills him. Following the Beehive is â€Å"The King’s Head† where to show that he has not been taken over Gary King slams his head into the wall repeatedly. Gary than ditches the 2 men even after they find the car to finish what he ha d started and his best friend was not going to let him go. 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The Revolution Of The United States Essay - 1835 Words

America s financial system has always acted like a roller coaster, with its systems going up and down. In the same manner, every generation has had their technology revolution. Technology has had overpowering effects on the different lifestyles that people live, throughout human history. The most dramatic changes in America during growth was not just due to the invention of one thing . Most, people emphasize that the train was a major factor in the market revolution; although, the trains played a huge part in spreading the market from coast-to-coast; there can be an equally strong argument, that other historical factors played a huge role in making the United States successful. The most important idea about the Market Revolution was all the amazing historical discoveries and situations that led up to it. Including the gold rush, the massive relocation of millions of people, the train and the industrial revolution, which, set up the Market Revolution for success. The power of the United States has its roots in its people and the technology that they invent. Americas Market revolution was no different, it began when America declared its independence from Britain. In the early 1850s to around the 1900 s, between, the Gold Rush and the industrial revolution, many things were just starting to be developed and eventually were going to be the thing that helped bring products to the market. American Manufacturing took off. Many, states depended on themselves for naturalShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution Of The United States865 Words   |  4 Pagesto the United States. The progressives brought change through industries, social movements and the economy. The progressives, (as their name suggests) brought progress to America that forever changed the United States for the better. Without the progressives Americas change to more government involvement for the time being would never have happened thus showing the American people what is truly â€Å"American†. 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Privacy Protection Through a Code of Conduct Essay example

In an effort to develop a viable privacy culture within the organization, the first step to achieve the enhancement of a culture of privacy protection within the department would be to develop a code of conduct. Based on the reality that such a code, usually referred to as a code of ethics is seen to be the basis of any ethics program it would only be prudent to institute the development of the same as a starting point. Such a code of conduct should be developed in such a manner as to be able to address previous unethical conducts within the department as well as project into the future so as to prevent future acts that would be unethical. However, for such a policy to take root, its development should be instituted by all stakeholders for†¦show more content†¦Human capital being one of the greatest aspects of attaining high productivity can be achieved in this way. This is because the department’s continued excellence is borne upon the maintenance of high levels of p rivacy protection, it would thus be only be prudent if there was engagement in a training program that would lay emphasis on how the same can be attained and maintained throughout the department. Through training, a strong sense of ensuring privacy protection would be achieved to a level of enhancing a culture of privacy protection. Upon the establishment of these two, there is then need to initiate a regular communication process. Previous indications have proved that discrepancies within departments have arisen more so where the staff have little knowledge of the expected norm. To this end, it is imperative that there is need to incorporate efficient communication strategies within the department. To be infective in this, after the code of conduct policy has been formulated and there are steps towards training the department’s personnel, then there is need to initiate these communication strategies as they would enhance the development of a culture that has respect to privacy protection. This would be most effective if the communication would be initiated through the Human Resource department with a vital reference to the executive as the stake owners of the initiative. As a precaution, there would also be the introduction of aShow MoreRelatedManagement Plan for Security and Privacy Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Plan for Security and Privacy 1 Management Plan for Security and Privacy 2 Abstract Many times, disaster recovery planning fails to consider how diverse regulations and compliance issues will impact an organization after a natural disaster strikes (Talon, 2006). 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Introduction to Environmental for Residential- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Environmental for Residential. Answer: Solid waste management is critical to the maintenance of clean urban surroundings and proper management has a direct bearing on the health of city dwellers. Gaps in the collection and disposal of solid waste can be detrimental to the health of people living in the community. In the Indian state of Punjab where Ludhiana is located, the Punjab Pollution Control Board classifies the waste into three categories, residential, commercial construction and industrial (Envis.nic.in, 2016). This is in line with the new policy on solid waste management of government of India (Sambyal, 2016). The waste is collected at a site in the vicinity of the residential areas to be taken later to the landfills. In Ludhiana and in India as a whole, the problem of handling a large magnitude of waste is difficult logistically. Most people do not segregate waste into biodegradable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste. This means that the landfills are overburdened with waste that could be reduced if managed better. Management of solid waste involves segregation at source and treatment of biodegradable and recyclable waste that includes food waste, farm waste, paper and plastic. Generation of energy from solid waste and methane from soon to be closed landfills can be used as an important energy resource (Pandey Malik, 2015). Apart from this when solid waste is not picked up promptly from collection points there is a risk of infectious diseases, drinking water can get contaminated due to the chemical and biological wastes. Air around the landfills gets polluted and if waste is incinerated that adds to the air pollution. Flies, mosquitoes, and rodents find a place to breed and these act as vectors for several diseases. Growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in ill managed garbage dumps is also high. A large part of the solid waste in Ludhiana is bio-medical waste from hospitals and nursing homes which is collected by separate vehicles and most of the waste is incinerated because it is particularly hazardous. References Envis.nic.in, 2016. /index2.aspx?slid=229sublinkid=1133langid=1mid=1. [Online] Available at: https://punenvis.nic.in/index2.aspx?slid=229sublinkid=1133langid=1mid=1[Accessed 2 September 2017]. Frumkin, H., 2016. Environmental Health. s.l.:Jossay-Bass. Pandey, S. Malik, J., 2015. Punjab-waste-management.pdf. [Online] Available at: https://www.teriin.org/projects/green/pdf/Punjab-waste-management.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2017]. Sambyal, S., 2016. /solid-waste-management-rules-2016-53443. [Online] Available at: https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/solid-waste-management-rules-2016-53443 [Accessed 2 September 2017].

ABSTRACT POTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN BRITISH LITERATURE Essay Example For Students

ABSTRACT: POTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN BRITISH LITERATURE Essay POST 1960Readers see some significant changes in portrayal of women in British Literature over the years in. While the saying Art imitates life, stand true on its own, there are also some female characters that represent a sense of vision by the authors themselves. This vision could be of the society changing itself to foster a rather emancipated woman in control of her life, or that of the integrity of a personal character that brings about a change in how the society accepts and perceive a woman. The topic of my paper is resounding of these thoughts and throws some light on how the role of the women changed after the Post World war Literature and how we can characterize those changes. To further elucidate my points, I will be taking examples from the characters of The Beautiful Launderette in this abstract. However, in my paper, I will be citing characters from various British works published after 1960s. The women in British Literature after 1960 are portrayed as characters that are very well aware of their sexuality and how that can give them a power of position in the society. The characters of Tania and Rachel are a precise example of this as they use this as tools to gain attention of males, who are still in a dominant position. The role of the women is only made powerful according to the dominant players (the male counterpart) of the story. This can be elucidated by the fact that since Rachel is far more important to Naseer; her say in the screenplay is more than that o f Bilquis. The sexualization of system as a woman (squeezing the tits of the system) shows the objectification of female body hinting to the female presence in the Government. Other themes like that of the opinionated women and removal of women from a damsel in distress scenario to someone who can take charge of her life , negating, or at least reducing the dependency on male figure are explored in the paper. ETEE DUBEYENGLISH HONS. 3 YEAR

Renaissance Food Essays - Breads, Baking, Bread, World Cuisine

Renaissance Food You are the owner of a large ship. You sail around the world and trade goods with other countries. A French investor has agreed to pay for your next trip if you can bring back a profit and, hopefully, goods that he can sell to local merchants. If for any reason you do not return with a profit, he has the right to back out of the deal, and you'll be stuck paying for everything. Before you sail from your homeport in Lisbon, Portugal, you will need to make several important decisions about how to prepare for your journey and what route to take. If you succeed, you will be extremely wealthy and will cement your reputation as a spice trader, ensuring that more rich investors come your way. But if you fail, you may go bankrupt and lose your ship, not to mention ruin your reputation. Food and spices of the Renaissance were the fruit of explorers' labor. Through exploration and trade, bizarre and exotic foods native to newly found territories became commonly traded goods. In addition new ways were found to use already common staples, and the number of spices went from a few to a few hundred. The Renaissance was a time of great discovery, and new foods were one of them. During the Renaissance, different regions of Europe had foods that were more common to them and less common to other areas. Around the coast fish was the food of choice. Herring and cod were prevalent in the north, and in the south sardines, anchovies, and tuna were among the more commonly consumed fish1. On the other hand cattle and other domestic animals were more common around inland regions. Cows, sheep, and goats were among the most commonly raised domestic animals. As meat most of these animals were eaten when they were young as veal, lamb, and kid2. Of the all the foods that were common throughout all of Europe bread and grain were by far the most common. Peasants and aristocrats alike consumed bread. The rich ate white bread made of refined wheat flour3. Where as the poor ate darker breads and flat bread because they were much cheaper4. In England biscuits became very popular. Grains, such as polenta and oats were also a universally consumed staple. Of all the many foods during the Renaissance foods of the bread group were among the most common. They were not only very cheap but were very healthy. The making of bread was highly regulated during the renaissance5. At first, rules were imposed upon bakers from the higher authorities. Grouping the bakers together was simply a more efficient way of ensuring that they followed the rules. As local economies developed, however, these organizations began to go off on their own. Groups began to formulate their own regulations to better profit from their status in the public diet. Some forms of public health regulations have undoubtedly been around since the start of urbanization. For bakers, the easiest rules to impose were those regarding bread weights and prices. Requirements on bread prices, quality, weight, and freshness have been documented to well before even the renaissance6. Generally, however, regulations were enforced at the local level. Standards varied from town to town according to grain availability and tastes. For example, the Winchester Assize of 1203 stated that "white bread made in our city of Winchester shall weigh thirty shillings, but black bread sixty-five shillings7." The most widespread regulation was the "Assize of Bread". This English law made in 1266 attempted to standardize the various local policies8. The Assize directed bakers to make a common weight of bread known as a penny loaf. However, the loaf could vary in weight, and thus price, according to the type of flour used. the white loaf was made from the finest white flour available. The "wheaten" loaf was coarser, and weighed half as much. "household" loaves were approximately double the weight of white loaves, made from unbolted flour9. Although the assize of bread made a good attempt, bread weights were inconsistently based on the going local rate of grain, and weights differed throughout the country. The Judgment of the Pillary was a law spelling out procedures to investigate and punish offenders10. In times of famine or grain shortages, authorities had the power to "take over" bakers and force them to operate at below-market rates11. Bakers in this situation were not allowed to raise prices even though their ingredients were more expensive. Sometimes bread was simply taken from them to feed the town. For example,